Campbell, Okay. & Peebles, R. Consuming issues in youngsters and adolescents: State-of-the-art evaluate. Pediatrics 134, 582–592 (2014).
Gibson, D. & Mehler, P. S. Anorexia nervosa and the immune system—A story evaluate. J. Clin. Med. 8, 191 (2019).
Westmoreland, P., Krantz, M. J. & Mehler, P. S. Medical problems of anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Am. J. Med. 129, 30–37 (2016).
Bourke, C. D., Berkley, J. A. & Prendergast, A. J. Immune dysfunction as a trigger and consequence of malnutrition. Developments Immunol. 37, 386–398 (2016).
Calder, P. C. & Jackson, A. A. Undernutrition, an infection and immune operate. Nutr. Res. Rev. 13, 3–29 (2000).
Rytter, M. J. H., Kolte, L., Briend, A., Friis, H. & Christensen, V. B. The immune system in youngsters with malnutrition—A scientific evaluate. PLoS ONE 9, e105017 (2014).
Bowers, T. Okay. & Eckert, E. Leukopenia in anorexia nervosa. Lack of elevated danger of an infection. Arch. Intern. Med. 138, 1520–1523 (1978).
Brown, R. F., Bartrop, R. & Birmingham, C. L. Immunological disturbance and infectious illness in anorexia nervosa: A evaluate. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 20, 117–128 (2008).
Brown, R. F., Bartrop, R., Beumont, P. & Birmingham, C. L. Bacterial infections in anorexia nervosa: Delayed recognition will increase problems. Int. J. Eat Disord. 37, 261–265 (2005).
Nova, E. & Marcos, A. Immunocompetence to evaluate dietary standing in consuming issues. Professional Rev. Clin. Immunol. 2, 433–444 (2006).
Słotwiński, S. M. & Słotwiński, R. Immune issues in anorexia. Cent. Eur. J. Immunol. 42, 294–300 (2017).
Strumìa, R., Varotti, E., Manzato, E. & Gualandi, M. Pores and skin indicators in anorexia nervosa. Dermatology 203, 314–317 (2001).
Schaible, U. E. & Kaufmann, S. H. E. Malnutrition and An infection: Complicated Mechanisms and International Impacts. PLoS Med. 4, e115 (2007).
Heilskov, S. et al. Dermatosis in youngsters with oedematous malnutrition (Kwashiorkor): A evaluate of the literature. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 28, 995–1001 (2014).
Dalton, B. et al. A meta-analysis of cytokine concentrations in consuming issues. J. Psychiatr. Res. 103, 252–264 (2018).
Dalton, B. et al. Inflammatory markers in anorexia nervosa: An exploratory examine. Vitamins 10, 1573 (2018).
Pasupuleti, M., Schmidtchen, A. & Malmsten, M. Antimicrobial peptides: Key parts of the innate immune system. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 32, 143–171 (2012).
Chessa, C. et al. Antiviral and immunomodulatory properties of antimicrobial peptides produced by human keratinocytes. Entrance. Microbiol. 11, 1155 (2020).
Rademacher, F. et al. The antimicrobial and immunomodulatory operate of RNase 7 in pores and skin. Entrance. Immunol. 10, 2553 (2019).
Lowes, M. A., Suárez-Fariñas, M. & Krueger, J. G. Immunology of psoriasis. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 32, 227–255 (2014).
Watson, P. H., Leygue, E. R. & Murphy, L. C. Psoriasin (S100A7). Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 30, 567–571 (1998).
Rademacher, F., Simanski, M. & Tougher, J. RNase 7 in cutaneous protection. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 17, 560 (2016).
Tougher, J. et al. Enhanced expression and secretion of antimicrobial peptides in atopic dermatitis and after superficial pores and skin harm. J. Investig. Dermatol. 130, 1355–1364 (2010).
Gambichler, T. et al. Differential mRNA expression of antimicrobial peptides and proteins in atopic dermatitis as in comparison with psoriasis vulgaris and wholesome pores and skin. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 147, 17–24 (2008).
Becker, T. et al. FOXO-dependent regulation of innate immune homeostasis. Nature 463, 369–373 (2010).
Wu, J., Randle, Okay. E. & Wu, L. P. ird1 is a Vps15 homologue essential for antibacterial immune responses in Drosophila. Cell. Microbiol. 9, 1073–1085 (2007).
Zinke, I., Schütz, C. S., Katzenberger, J. D., Bauer, M. & Pankratz, M. J. Nutrient management of gene expression in Drosophila: Microarray evaluation of hunger and sugar-dependent response. EMBO J. 21, 6162–6173 (2002).
Bendix, M.-C. et al. Antimicrobial peptides in sufferers with anorexia nervosa: Comparability with wholesome controls and the influence of weight achieve. Sci. Rep. 10, 1–8 (2020).
Eisenhofer, R. et al. Contamination in low microbial biomass microbiome research: Points and suggestions. Developments Microbiol. 27, 105–117 (2019).
Sze, M. A., Abbasi, M., Hogg, J. C. & Sin, D. D. A comparability between droplet digital and quantitative PCR within the evaluation of bacterial 16s load in lung tissue samples from management and COPD GOLD 2. PLoS ONE 9, e110351 (2014).
Abellan-Schneyder, I., Schusser, A. J. & Neuhaus, Okay. ddPCR permits 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of very small DNA quantities from low-biomass samples. BMC Microbiol. 21, 349 (2021).
Quan, P.-L., Sauzade, M. & Brouzes, E. dPCR: A expertise evaluate. Sensors (Basel) 18, 1271 (2018).
Vogelstein, B. & Kinzler, Okay. W. Digital PCR. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96, 9236–9241 (1999).
Gobert, G. et al. Droplet digital PCR improves absolute quantification of viable lactic acid micro organism in faecal samples. J. Microbiol. Strategies 148, 64–73 (2018).
Maheshwari, Y., Selvaraj, V., Hajeri, S. & Yokomi, R. Utility of droplet digital PCR for quantitative detection of Spiroplasma citri as compared with actual time PCR. PLoS ONE 12, e0184751 (2017).
Karstens, L. et al. Controlling for contaminants in low-biomass 16S rRNA gene sequencing experiments. mSystems 4, e00290-19 (2019).
Davis, N. M., Proctor, D. M., Holmes, S. P., Relman, D. A. & Callahan, B. J. Easy statistical identification and elimination of contaminant sequences in marker-gene and metagenomics knowledge. Microbiome 6, 226 (2018).
Weyrich, L. S. et al. Laboratory contamination over time throughout low-biomass pattern evaluation. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 19, 982–996 (2019).
Anderson, M. J. & Willis, T. J. Canonical evaluation of principal coordinates: A helpful methodology of constrained ordination for ecology. Ecology 84, 511–525 (2003).
De Caceres, M. & Legendre, P. Associations between species and teams of web sites: Indices and statistical inference. Ecology 90, 3566–3574 (2009).
Mu, Q., Tavella, V. J. & Luo, X. M. Position of Lactobacillus reuteri in human well being and illnesses. Entrance. Microbiol. 9, 757 (2018).
Delanghe, L. et al. The position of lactobacilli in inhibiting pores and skin pathogens. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 49, 617–627 (2021).
Kim, J.-H. et al. Taxonomic profiling of pores and skin microbiome and correlation with scientific pores and skin parameters in wholesome Koreans. Sci. Rep. 11, 16269 (2021).
Kanamoto, T., Terakubo, S. & Nakashima, H. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of oral isolates of Abiotrophia and Granulicatella in line with the consensus tips for fastidious micro organism. Medicines (Basel) 5, 129 (2018).
Si, J. et al. Intestine microbiome signatures distinguish sort 2 diabetes mellitus from non-alcoholic fatty liver illness. Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J. 19, 5920–5930 (2021).
Rath, S., Rud, T., Karch, A., Pieper, D. H. & Important, M. Pathogenic capabilities of host microbiota. Microbiome 6, 174 (2018).
Assarsson, M., Söderman, J., Dienus, O. & Seifert, O. Vital variations within the bacterial microbiome of the pharynx and pores and skin in sufferers with psoriasis in contrast with wholesome controls. Acta Derm Venereol. 100, adv00273 (2020).
Omodei, D. et al. Immune-metabolic profiling of anorexic sufferers reveals an anti-oxidant and anti inflammatory phenotype. Metabolism 64, 396–405 (2015).
Chang, H.-W. et al. Alteration of the cutaneous microbiome in psoriasis and potential position in Th17 polarization. Microbiome 6, 154 (2018).
Alekseyenko, A. V. et al. Group differentiation of the cutaneous microbiota in psoriasis. Microbiome 1, 31 (2013).
Gläser, R., Köten, B., Wittersheim, M. & Tougher, J. Psoriasin: Key molecule of the cutaneous barrier?. JDDG J. Deutsch. Dermatol. Ges. 9, 897–902 (2011).
Gläser, R. et al. The antimicrobial protein psoriasin (S100A7) Is upregulated in atopic dermatitis and after experimental pores and skin barrier disruption. J. Investig. Dermatol. 129, 641–649 (2009).
Nam, B. et al. Regulatory results of Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714 on pores and skin well being by bettering intestinal situation. PLoS ONE 15, e0231268 (2020).
Jung, Y.-O. et al. Lysates of a probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, can enhance pores and skin barrier operate in a reconstructed human dermis mannequin. Int J Mol Sci 20, 428 (2019).
Lee, D. E. et al. Scientific proof of results of lactobacillus plantarum HY7714 on pores and skin getting old: A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled examine. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 25, 2160–2168 (2015).
Markowiak-Kopeć, P. & Śliżewska, Okay. The impact of probiotics on the manufacturing of short-chain fatty acids by human intestinal microbiome. Vitamins 12, E1107 (2020).
Morvan, P.-Y., Vallee, R. & Py, M. Analysis of the results of demanding life on human pores and skin microbiota. Appl. Microbiol. Open Entry 4, 8 (2018).
Byeon, J. et al. Insights into the pores and skin microbiome of sickle cell illness leg ulcers. Wound Restore. Regen. 29, 801–809 (2021).
Mukherjee, S. et al. Sebum and hydration ranges in particular areas of human face considerably predict the character and variety of facial pores and skin microbiome. Sci. Rep. 6, 36062 (2016).
Łoś-Rycharska, E. et al. A mixed evaluation of intestine and pores and skin microbiota in infants with meals allergy and atopic dermatitis: A pilot examine. Vitamins 13, 1682 (2021).
Li, Z. et al. New insights into the pores and skin microbial communities and pores and skin getting old. Entrance. Microbiol. 11, 565549 (2020).
Kates, A. E., Zimbric, M. L., Mitchell, Okay., Skarlupka, J. & Safdar, N. The influence of chlorhexidine gluconate on the pores and skin microbiota of kids and adults: A pilot examine. Am. J. Infect. Management 47, 1014–1016 (2019).
Park, H. et al. Pilot examine on the brow pores and skin microbiome and quick chain fatty acids relying on the SC purposeful index in Korean cohorts. Microorganisms 9, 2216 (2021).
Wang, L. et al. Amplicon-based sequencing and co-occurence community evaluation reveals notable variations of microbial group construction in wholesome and dandruff scalps. BMC Genom. 23, 312 (2022).
Kim, H.-J. et al. Segregation of age-related pores and skin microbiome traits by performance. Sci. Rep. 9, 16748 (2019).
Brandwein, M., Katz, I., Katz, A. & Kohen, R. Past the intestine: Pores and skin microbiome compositional modifications are related to BMI. Hum. Microbiome J. 13, 100063 (2019).
Grice, E. A. et al. A range profile of the human pores and skin microbiota. Genome Res. 18, 1043–1050 (2008).
Kim, D. Optimizing strategies and dodging pitfalls in microbiome analysis. Microbiome 5, 14 (2017).
Kong, H. H. Particulars matter: Designing pores and skin microbiome research. J. Investig. Dermatol. 136, 900–902 (2016).
Kong, H. H. et al. Performing pores and skin microbiome analysis: A technique to the insanity. J. Investig. Dermatol. 137, 561–568 (2017).
Meisel, J. S. et al. Pores and skin microbiome surveys are strongly influenced by experimental design. J. Investig. Dermatol. 136, 947–956 (2016).
Nakatsuji, T. et al. The microbiome extends to subepidermal compartments of regular pores and skin. Nat. Commun. 4, 1431 (2013).
Grice, E. A. & Segre, J. A. The pores and skin microbiome. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 9, 244–253 (2011).
Mourelatos, Okay., Eady, E. A., Cunliffe, W. J., Clark, S. M. & Cove, J. H. Temporal modifications in sebum excretion and propionibacterial colonization in preadolescent youngsters with and with out pimples. Br. J. Dermatol. 156, 22–31 (2007).
Leyden, J. J., McGinley, Okay. J., Mills, O. H. & Kligman, A. M. Propionibacterium ranges in sufferers with and with out pimples vulgaris. J. Investig. Dermatol. 65, 382–384 (1975).
Neale, J., Pais, S. M. A., Nicholls, D., Chapman, S. & Hudson, L. D. What are the results of restrictive consuming issues on development and puberty and are results everlasting? A scientific evaluate and meta-analysis. J. Adolesc. Well being 66, 144–156 (2020).
Fierer, N., Hamady, M., Lauber, C. L. & Knight, R. The affect of intercourse, handedness, and washing on the variety of hand floor micro organism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105, 17994–17999 (2008).
Oh, J., Byrd, A. L., Park, M., Kong, H. H. & Segre, J. A. Temporal stability of the human pores and skin microbiome. Cell 165, 854–866 (2016).
Cao, C., Xiao, Z., Wu, Y. & Ge, C. Weight-reduction plan and pores and skin aging-from the angle of meals vitamin. Vitamins 12, E870 (2020).
Liakou, A. I., Theodorakis, M. J., Melnik, B. C., Pappas, A. & Zouboulis, C. C. Dietary scientific research in dermatology. J. Medicine Dermatol. 12, 1104–1109 (2013).
Attia, E. et al. Feeding and consuming issues in DSM-5. AJP 170, 1237–1239 (2013).
Bilska, B. et al. Expression of antimicrobial peptide genes oscillates alongside day/night time rhythm defending mice pores and skin from micro organism. Exp. Dermatol. 30, 1418–1427 (2021).
Eda, N., Shimizu, Okay., Suzuki, S., Lee, E. & Akama, T. Results of high-intensity endurance train on epidermal limitations towards microbial invasion. J. Sports activities Sci. Med. 12, 44–51 (2013).
Köten, B. et al. RNase 7 contributes to the cutaneous protection towards Enterococcus faecium. PLoS ONE 4, e6424 (2009).
Gläser, R. et al. Antimicrobial psoriasin (S100A7) protects human pores and skin from Escherichia coli an infection. Nat. Immunol. 6, 57–64 (2005).
Wittersheim, M. et al. Differential expression and in vivo secretion of the antimicrobial peptides psoriasin (S100A7), RNase 7, human beta-defensin-2 and -3 in wholesome human pores and skin. Exp. Dermatol. 22, 364–366 (2013).
Gläser, R. et al. UV-B radiation induces the expression of antimicrobial peptides in human keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 123, 1117–1123 (2009).
Belheouane, M. et al. Assessing similarities and disparities within the pores and skin microbiota between wild and laboratory populations of home mice. ISME J. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-0690-7 (2020).
Kozich, J. J., Westcott, S. L., Baxter, N. T., Highlander, S. Okay. & Schloss, P. D. Growth of a dual-index sequencing technique and curation pipeline for analyzing amplicon sequence knowledge on the MiSeq illumina sequencing platform. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 79, 5112–5120 (2013).
Callahan, B. J. et al. DADA2: Excessive-resolution pattern inference from Illumina amplicon knowledge. Nat. Strategies 13, 581–583 (2016).
Quast, C. et al. The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database mission: Improved knowledge processing and web-based instruments. Nucleic Acids Res. 41, D590-596 (2013).
Salter, S. J. et al. Reagent and laboratory contamination can critically influence sequence-based microbiome analyses. BMC Biol. 12, 87 (2014).
McMurdie, P. J. & Holmes, S. phyloseq: An R bundle for reproducible interactive evaluation and graphics of microbiome census knowledge. PLoS ONE https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061217 (2013).
Benjamini, Y. & Hochberg, Y. Controlling the false discovery fee: A sensible and highly effective strategy to a number of testing. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Methodol. 57, 289–300 (1995).
Cáceres, M. D. & Legendre, P. Associations between species and teams of web sites: Indices and statistical inference. Ecology 90, 3566–3574 (2009).
Wang, Q., Garrity, G. M., Tiedje, J. M. & Cole, J. R. Naïve Bayesian classifier for fast task of rRNA sequences into the brand new bacterial taxonomy. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73, 5261–5267 (2007).
Cole, J. R. et al. The ribosomal database mission (RDP-II): Sequences and instruments for high-throughput rRNA evaluation. Nucleic Acids Res. 33, D294-296 (2005).
