Weigelin, B., Bakker, G. J. & Friedl, P. Third harmonic era microscopy of cells and tissue group. J. Cell Sci. 129, 245–255 (2016).
Yelin, D. & Silberberg, Y. Laser scanning third-harmonic-generation microscopy in biology. Choose. Categorical 5(8), 169–175 (1999).
Barzda, V. et al. Visualization of mitochondria in cardiomyocytes. Choose. Categorical 13, 8263 (2005).
Witte, S. et al. Label-free stay mind imaging and focused patching with third-harmonic era microscopy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108, 5970–5975 (2011).
Tsai, C.-Ok. et al. Imaging granularity of leukocytes with third harmonic era microscopy. Biomed. Choose. Categorical 3, 2234 (2012).
Weigelin, B., Bakker, G.-J. & Friedl, P. Intravital third harmonic era microscopy of collective melanoma cell invasion. IntraVital 1, 32–43 (2012).
Gavgiotaki, E. et al. Third Harmonic Technology microscopy as a dependable diagnostic software for evaluating lipid physique modification throughout cell activation: The instance of BV-2 microglia cells. J. Struct. Biol. 189, 105–113 (2015).
Oron, D. et al. Depth-resolved structural imaging by third-harmonic era microscopy. J. Struct. Biol. 147, 3–11 (2004).
Solar, C.-Ok. et al. Multiharmonic-generation biopsy of pores and skin. Choose. Lett. 28, 2488 (2003).
Aptel, F. et al. Multimodal nonlinear imaging of the human cornea. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 51, 2459–2465 (2010).
Débarre, D. et al. Imaging lipid our bodies in cells and tissues utilizing third-harmonic era microscopy. Nat. Strategies 3, 47–53 (2006).
Farrar, M. J., Sensible, F. W., Fetcho, J. R. & Schaffer, C. B. In vivo imaging of myelin within the vertebrate central nervous system utilizing third harmonic era microscopy. Biophys. J. 100, 1362–1371 (2011).
Genthial, R. et al. Label-free imaging of bone multiscale porosity and interfaces utilizing third-harmonic era microscopy. Sci. Rep. 7, 1–16 (2017).
Gavgiotaki, E. et al. Third Harmonic Technology microscopy distinguishes malignant cell grade in human breast tissue biopsies. Sci. Rep. 10, 1–13 (2020).
Canioni, L. et al. Imaging of Ca2+ intracellular dynamics with a third-harmonic era microscope. Choose. Lett. 26, 515–517 (2001).
Chen, Y.-C. et al. Third-harmonic era microscopy reveals dental anatomy in historic fossils. Choose. Lett. 40, 1354 (2015).
Chang, T. et al. Non-invasive monitoring of cell metabolism and lipid manufacturing in 3D engineered human adipose tissues utilizing label-free multiphoton microscopy. Biomaterials 34, 8607–8616 (2013).
Débarre, D. et al. Velocimetric third-harmonic era microscopy: micrometer-scale quantification of morphogenetic actions in unstained embryos. Choose. Lett. 29, 2881 (2004).
Solar, C. Ok. et al. Greater harmonic era microscopy for developmental biology. J. Struct. Biol. 147, 19–30 (2004).
Watanabe, T. et al. Characterisation of the dynamic behaviour of lipid droplets within the early mouse embryo utilizing adaptive harmonic era microscopy. BMC Cell Biol. 11(1), 1–11 (2010).
Tserevelakis, G. J. et al. Imaging Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis by third-harmonic era microscopy. Micron 41, 444–447 (2010).
Aviles-Espinosa, R. et al. Cell division stage in C. elegans imaged utilizing third harmonic era microscopy. In Biomedical Optics and 3-D Imaging (2010), Paper BTuD78 BTuD78 (The Optical Society, Washington, 2013).
Yu, M. M. L. et al. In situ evaluation by microspectroscopy reveals triterpenoid compositional patterns inside leaf cuticles of Prunus laurocerasus. Planta 227, 823–834 (2008).
Prent, N. et al. Purposes of nonlinear microscopy for learning the construction and dynamics in organic programs. Photonic Appl. Nonlinear Choose. Nanophotonics Microw. Photonics 5971, 597106 (2005).
Tokarz, D. et al. Molecular group of crystalline β-carotene in carrots decided with polarization-dependent second and third harmonic era microscopy. J. Phys. Chem. B 118, 3814–3822 (2014).
Cisek, R. et al. Optical microscopy in photosynthesis. Photosynth. Res. 102, 111–141 (2009).
Barzda, V. Non-Linear Distinction Mechanisms for Optical Microscopy 35–54 (Springer, Dordrecht, 2008).
Segawa, H. et al. Label-free tetra-modal molecular imaging of residing cells with CARS, SHG, THG and TSFG (coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, second harmonic era, third harmonic era and third-order sum frequency era). Choose. Categorical 20, 9551 (2012).
Barad, Y., Eisenberg, H., Horowitz, M. & Silberberg, Y. Nonlinear scanning laser microscopy by third harmonic era. Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 922–924 (1997).
Boyd, R. W. Nonlinear Optics (Educational Press, New York, 2008).
Iy, Y., En, L. & Vv, T. Refractive index of adipose tissue and lipid droplet measured in extensive spectral and temperature ranges. Appl. Choose. 57, 4839 (2018).
Liu, P. Y. et al. Cell refractive index for cell biology and illness analysis: previous, current and future. Lab Chip 16, 634–644 (2016).
Chen, Y.-C., Hsu, H.-C., Lee, C.-M. & Solar, C.-Ok. Third-harmonic era susceptibility spectroscopy in free fatty acids. J. Biomed. Choose. 20, 095013 (2015).
Small, D. M. et al. Label-free imaging of atherosclerotic plaques utilizing third-harmonic era microscopy. Biomed. Choose. Categorical 9, 214 (2018).
Bautista, G. et al. Polarized thg microscopy identifies compositionally totally different lipid droplets in mammalian cells. Biophys. J. 107, 2230–2236 (2014).
Tserevelakis, G. J. et al. Label-free imaging of lipid depositions in C. elegans utilizing third-harmonic era microscopy. PloS One 9(1), e84431 (2014).
Siddhanta, S., Paidi, S. Ok., Bushley, Ok., Prasad, R. & Barman, I. Exploring morphological and biochemical linkages in fungal development with label-free gentle sheet microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. ChemPhysChem 18, 72–78 (2017).
Zhang, C., Li, J., Lan, L. & Cheng, J.-X. Quantification of lipid metabolism in residing cells via the dynamics of lipid droplets measured by stimulated Raman scattering imaging. Anal. Chem. 89, 4502–4507 (2017).
Brackmann, C. et al. CARS microscopy of lipid shops in yeast: The impression of dietary state and genetic background. J. Raman Spectrosc. 40, 748–756 (2009).
Zhang, C. & Boppart, S. A. Dynamic signatures of lipid droplets as new markers to quantify mobile metabolic adjustments. Anal. Chem. 92, 15943–15952 (2020).
Dong, P. T. et al. Polarization-sensitive stimulated Raman scattering imaging resolves amphotericin B orientation in Candida membrane. Sci. Adv. 7, 1–11 (2021).
Yasuda, M., Takeshita, N. & Shigeto, S. Inhomogeneous molecular distributions and cytochrome varieties and redox states in fungal cells revealed by Raman hyperspectral imaging utilizing multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares. Anal. Chem. 91, 12501–12508 (2019).
Kurian, S. M., Pietro, A. . Di. & Learn, N. D. Reside-cell imaging of conidial anastomosis tube fusion throughout colony initiation in Fusarium oxysporum. PLoS One 13, e0195634 (2018).
Adomshick, V., Pu, Y. & Veiga-Lopez, A. Automated lipid droplet quantification system for phenotypic evaluation of adipocytes utilizing Cell Profiler. Toxicol. Mech. Strategies 30, 378–387 (2020).
Jüngst, C., Klein, M. & Zumbusch, A. Lengthy-term stay cell microscopy research of lipid droplet fusion dynamics in adipocytes. J. Lipid Res. 54, 3419–3429 (2013).
Exner, T. et al. Lipid droplet quantification based mostly on iterative picture processing. J. Lipid Res. 60, 1333–1344 (2019).
Rambold, A. S., Cohen, S. & Lippincott-Schwartz, J. Fatty acid trafficking in starved cells: Regulation by lipid droplet lipolysis, autophagy, and mitochondrial fusion dynamics [Developmental Cell 32 (2015) 678–692]. Dev. Cell 32, 678–692 (2015).
Dejgaard, S. Y. & Presley, J. F. New automated single-cell method for segmentation and quantitation of lipid droplets. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 62, 889–901 (2014).
Nohe, A. & Petersen, N. O. Picture correlation spectroscopy. Sci. STKE 2007, (2007).
Wiseman, P. W., Squier, J. A., Ellisman, M. H. & Wilson, Ok. R. Two-photo picture correlation spectroscopy and picture cross-correlation spectroscopy. J. Microsc. 200, 14–25 (2000).
Slenders, E. et al. Picture Correlation spectroscopy with second harmonic producing nanoparticles in suspension and in cells. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 9, 6112–6118 (2018).
Bahram, M. & Netherway, T. Fungi as mediators linking organisms and ecosystems. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 46, 1–16 (2022).
Parihar, M. et al. The potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in C biking: A assessment. Arch. Microbiol. 202, 1581–1596 (2020).
Ratledge, C. Regulation of lipid accumulation in oleaginous microorganisms. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 30, A101–A101 (2002).
Cerdá-Olmeda, E. & Avalos, J. Oleaginous fungi: Carotene-rich from Phycomyces. Prog. Lipid Res. 33, 185–192 (1994).
Passoth, V. Lipids of yeasts and filamentous fungi and their significance for biotechnology. Biotechnol. Yeasts Filamentous Fungi https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58829-2_6 (2017).
Mhlongo, S. I. et al. The potential of single-cell oils derived from filamentous fungi as different feedstock sources for biodiesel manufacturing. Entrance. Microbiol. 12, 57 (2021).
Chang, W. et al. Trapping toxins inside lipid droplets is a resistance mechanism in fungi. Sci. Rep. 51(5), 1–11 (2015).
Liu, N. et al. Lipid droplet biogenesis regulated by the FgNem1/Spo7-FgPah1 phosphatase cascade performs important roles in fungal improvement and virulence in Fusarium graminearum. New Phytol. 223, 412–429 (2019).
Petschnigg, J. et al. Good fats, important mobile necessities for triacylglycerol synthesis to take care of membrane homeostasis in yeast. J. Biol. Chem. 284, 30981–30993 (2009).
Suzuki, M., Shinohara, Y., Ohsaki, Y. & Fujimoto, T. Lipid droplets: Measurement issues. J. Electron Microsc. 60, S101–S116 (2011).
Nand, Ok. & Mohrotra, B. S. Mycological fats manufacturing in India. II. Impact of hydrogen-ion focus on fats synthesis. Sydowia 24, 144–152 (1971).
Pollack, J. Ok., Harris, S. D. & Marten, M. R. Autophagy in filamentous fungi. Fungal Genet. Biol. 46, 1–8 (2009).
Jaishy, B. & Abel, E. D. Lipids, lysosomes, and autophagy. J. Lipid Res. 57, 1619–1635 (2016).
Petersen, N. O., Höddelius, P. L., Wiseman, P. W., Seger, O. & Magnusson, Ok. E. Quantitation of membrane receptor distributions by picture correlation spectroscopy: Idea and utility. Biophys. J. 65, 1135–1146 (1993).
Bukara, Ok. et al. Mapping of hemoglobin in erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts utilizing two photon excitation fluorescence microscopy. J. Biomed. Choose. 22, 026003 (2017).
Despotović, S. Z. et al. Altered group of collagen fibers within the uninvolved human colon mucosa 10 cm and 20 cm away from the malignant Tumor. Sci. Rep. 101(10), 1–11 (2020).
Huang, S., Heikal, A. A. & Webb, W. W. Two-photon fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy of NAD (P) H and flavoprotein. Biophys. J. 82(5), 2811–2825 (2002).
Greenspan, P., Mayer, E. P. & Fowler, S. D. Nile pink: A selective fluorescent stain for intracellular lipid droplets. J. Cell Biol. 100, 965 (1985).
Yi, Y.-H. et al. Lipid droplet sample and nondroplet-like construction in two fats mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans revealed by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy. J. Biomed. Choose. 19, 011011 (2013).
Chen, Y. et al. Nitrogen-starvation triggers mobile accumulation of triacylglycerol in Metarhizium robertsii. Fungal Biol. 122, 410–419 (2018).
Weng, L. C. et al. Nitrogen deprivation induces lipid droplet accumulation and alters fatty acid metabolism in symbiotic dinoflagellates remoted from Aiptasia pulchella. Sci. Rep. 4, 1–8 (2014).
Aguilar, L. R. et al. Lipid droplets accumulation and different biochemical adjustments induced within the fungal pathogen Ustilago maydis underneath nitrogen-starvation. Arch. Microbiol. 199, 1195–1209 (2017).
Rocheleau, J. V., Wiseman, P. W. & Petersen, N. O. Isolation of vivid mixture fluctuations in a multipopulation picture correlation spectroscopy system utilizing depth subtraction. Biophys. J. 84, 4011–4022 (2003).
Olzmann, J. A. & Carvalho, P. (2018) Dynamics and features of lipid droplets. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 203(20), 137–155 (2018).
Yu, Y. et al. The function of lipid droplets in Mortierella alpina getting older revealed by integrative subcellular and whole-cell proteome evaluation. Sci. Rep. 71(7), 1–12 (2017).
Bonfante, P. & Venice, F. Mucoromycota: going to the roots of plant-interacting fungi. Fungal Biol. Rev. 34, 100–113 (2020).
Smith, S. & Learn, D. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis (Educational Press, New York, 2008).
Luginbuehl, L. H. et al. Fatty acids in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are synthesized by the host plant. Science 356, 1175–1178 (2017).
Jiang, Y. et al. Vegetation switch lipids to maintain colonization by mutualistic mycorrhizal and parasitic fungi. Science 356, 1172–1173 (2017).
Keymer, A. et al. Lipid switch from vegetation to arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi. Elife 6, e29107 (2017).
Deka, D., Sonowal, S., Chikkaputtaiah, C. & Velmurugan, N. Symbiotic associations: Key elements that decide physiology and lipid accumulation in oleaginous microorganisms. Entrance. Microbiol. 11, 555312 (2020).
Athenaki, M. et al. Lipids from yeasts and fungi: Physiology, manufacturing and analytical concerns. J. Appl. Microbiol. 124, 336–367 (2018).
Fujita, Ok. & Smith, N. I. Label-free molecular imaging of residing cells. Mol. Cells OS 530–535 (2008).
Knaus, H., Blab, G. A., van Jerre Veluw, G., Gerritsen, H. C. & Wösten, H. A. B. Label-free fluorescence microscopy in fungi. Fungal Biol. Rev. 27, 60–66 (2013).
Borile, G., Sandrin, D., Filippi, A., Anderson, Ok. I. & Romanato, F. Label-free multiphoton microscopy: Way more than fancy pictures. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 2657 (2021).
Martins, A. S., Martins, I. C. & Santos, N. C. Strategies for lipid droplet biophysical characterization in flaviviridae infections. Entrance. Microbiol. 9, 1951 (2018).
Nile Purple. Obtainable at: https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/N1142.
